Worms - scientifically "helminths" - parasites in the human body. There are 200 known types of human parasites. They have their own structure, symptoms, method of penetration into the body. Parasites are divided into bio-, geo-, contact helminths.
Source classification:
- Biohelminths. They represent parasites that change "hosts". From insects, molluscs, bulls and humans. Representatives: tapeworms - bovine, pork, echinococcus.
- Geohelminths. Combine worms with a single "host". Nematodes, whipworms, nekator - the most famous worms.
- Contact helminths. The difference between contact helminths in the ease of infection through the use of patient items. Pinworms are a bright representative, a common type of helminth.
Common types of helminths in humans
Treatment of helminthiasis involves knowing the types of human worms. The color of the worms ranges from white to reddish to brown. There are transparent worms - difficult to diagnose.
round worms
Nematodes are a type of worm with a round cross section, similar to earthworms. Representatives:
- Nematodes are a parasitic worm that lives in the small intestine, reaching a length of 40 cm. The average lifespan of nematodes is 1 year. Worms go through a long path of development, which begins with the intestines, lungs, the development of an egg into a larva in the ground, and again enters the intestine. Nematodes are found in humans and animals. A person is not infected with animal nematodes.
- Pinworms are the simplest white parasites, 0. 3-1. 2 cm in size, become infected with handshakes, underwear, inhalation of dust, roundworm eggs. The life of pinworms is short - a maximum of 2 months. Pinworms often appear in children.
- Trichinella is a 0. 4 cm long parasite. The source of the infestation is raw pork infected with larvae. Treatment of trichinosis is a difficult task. A person can only partially get rid of worms. The reason is the peculiarity of their life. Trichinella adults mate in the intestine and die. Eggs from the intestine enter the muscles, where they are found and can parasitize for years.
- Vlasoglava is a representative of nematodes, 3 cm long, which inhabit the large intestine. Helminths attach themselves to the intestinal wall, suck blood. The lifespan of a whipworm is 5 years.
tapeworms
The tape parasites acquired the name due to the peculiarities of the structure of the body, which looks like a tape. The flat worm can grow up to 20m in size.
- Bovine tapeworm is a large 10 m long worm, the causes of infection are insufficient roasting of beef. If there is a tapeworm egg in the meat, an infection will occur.
- Pork tapeworm is similar to bovine tapeworm, only 5 times shorter. The source of the infection is pork.
- Wide tapeworm - an adult helminth reaches a length of 15 m. You can be infected with tapeworms of fish living in freshwater springs.
- Echinococcus is called the most dangerous. The ability to enter the liver causes echinococcal cysts. Carriers of adult dogs, cats. Length - 4 cm. Invasion occurs by means of dirty door handles, toilet seats.
suckers
The group got its name from the way it parasites in humans.
- The Siberian flounder is 1 cm long on average and ingestion is caused by the consumption of untreated and unsalted fish. Parasite in the human gallbladder.
- Parasitic fasciola in the gallbladder, has a length of up to 7 cm. The route of infection is raw water.
Methods of parasite infestation
People who do not take care of their own hygiene and cleanliness in the house can contract helminthiasis. Under the blow falls the "cleaning", convulsively washing hands after the road, deep frying the meat. Depending on the type of helminth, infection occurs in different ways.
- Oral-fecal - helminth eggs enter through the mouth.
- Contact - the method is common when infected with pinworms. Helminths lay eggs on the anus, causing itching, brushing inseminates the hands. With unwashed hands, the infected person transfers the eggs to objects, doorknobs, etc.
- Through the water. Raw water is the place where helminth larvae (fasciola) live, which are dangerous to health.
- Through the soil - sand, the soil is infected with helminth eggs. It is worth monitoring the length of the nails, if you have to dig into the ground, wash your hands thoroughly. Eggs can be ingested through unwashed food.
You can get infected through insect bites - a rather rare case.
Symptoms of helminthiasis
The first symptoms appear when helminthiasis reaches its peak. Symptoms appear depending on the type of worm.
A sharp decrease in weight, an emaciated appearance, muscle aches, pale skin, and itching in the anus are unmistakable signs of invasion.
Disorders of the gastric tract: vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, diarrhea and flatulence, abdominal pain near the navel - a sign of the presence of helminths localized in the intestine.
The manifestation of rashes, brittle nails and hair is indirect but is an indicator of infection. With worms in the body of an adult, a child, intoxication occurs with the wasting of worms. The body routinely perceives human proteins as allergens, which cause skin rashes. Diseases such as allergic rhinitis or urticaria, bronchial asthma are a helminthic symptom.
A persistent headache is a symptom of worms. In cases where it is impossible to establish a diagnosis, the cause of the headache, painkillers do not help.
A decrease in immunity, an immune response indicates a clear weakening of the body that appears with helminthiasis. Stomatitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, vaginosis - they make you think about the prevention of helminths. All kinds of diseases can overcome the human body.
The presence of worms is indicated by long-lasting incurable diseases. An organ defeated by worms does not respond to treatment.
Helminth invasion diagnostics
Diagnostics, treatment - this should be entrusted to professionals. An infectious doctor who diagnoses helminthiases will be able to draw correct conclusions. Infectionists will be able to understand and determine the cause of the disease, localization and prescribe treatment.
Parasites live in the intestines, organs and tissues. Separate area diagnostics will not help recreate the image. Depending on the affected organ, the tissue, the purpose of the treatment depends.
For a complete diagnosis, it is worth conducting a full body examination: X-ray, analysis of feces, urine, sputum of the lungs, scraping of the anus, scraping of the navel, vagina (for girls), blood.
With X-rays, they see a possible movement of worms in the lungs - roundworms. In the blood, a high number of eosinophils indicates the presence of helminths. The stool analysis is checked for the presence of worm eggs. It is easy to prescribe a treatment for worms. Sputum is taken to check for roundworm larvae, etc.
If there is such an accident in which helminths appeared, it is worthwhile to immediately start therapy.
Treatment
After a complete diagnosis, in the presence of helminths, treatment is prescribed: drugs, folk or complex. It is true to cure worms. They don't heal for long, but it all depends on the severity of the invasion.
Pharmacy preparations
Medicines are a more effective solution for helminths. After the treatment of helminthiasis, the appearance of worms in people is reduced with the conditions of personal hygiene.
Chemotherapy drugs are used to eliminate parasites from the body. Here they are more appropriate. They are engaged in influencing the biostructure, the bioprocesses of the parasite. Stopping the work and paralyzing the worms, the tablets cope with the task and the worms are excreted from the body in the feces.
Dosage, time interval and medications are prescribed by the doctor. In this case, the worm disease will be eliminated.
folk ways
The nature is varied: there are many ways to heal. The fight against worms has long roots. Traditional medicine is suitable for those who have some kind of contraindications, allergic reactions to drugs.
The main set of herbs, anthelmintic products: nuts, pumpkin seeds, garlic, wormwood, tansy.
The wormwood plant will help if worms appear. Wormwood tincture is effective for tapeworms, roundworms. Pumpkin seeds, garlic are eaten simply, without further processing. Tansy, like wormwood, is infused and then used. These funds can be used as an anthelmintic or as a prophylactic agent.
After such treatment, the worms leave the body.
Helminth prevention
If there are no signs of infection, but the likelihood of its occurrence is frightening, then prevention is worth doing. The most successful is the drug. When it comes to self-help, you can do it without pills.
To carry out prevention, it is necessary to understand where the worms start from, how they multiply. Personal hygiene is important, but food should not be forgotten. By eating dried fish or sushi, the steak with blood risks becoming infected with tapeworms.
Personal hygiene, keeping the house clean, pets, families, eating only heat-treated foods, washed vegetables, berries, fruits - will save you from worm infestation.